Race & Ethnicity
Related: About this forumAsk or aks? How linguistic prejudice perpetuates inequality
Teacher and artist Sunn M'Cheaux has been posting on social media about linguicism after a reader asked him about the word ax, saying: Why did we struggle saying ask? Like when I was little, I always said ax. Like I couldnt say the word correctly.
M'Cheauxs response counters the common idea that ax (spelled also aks) is incorrect: ax isnt a mispronunciation of ask but an alternative pronunciation. This is similar to how people might pronounce economics variously as eck-onomics or eek-onomics, for example. Neither of these pronunciations is wrong. Theyre just different.
Linguicism is an idea invented by human-rights activist and linguist Tove Skutnabb-Kangas to describe discrimination based on language or dialect. The prejudice around aks is an example of linguicism.
Decades of research shows that the idea that any variation from standard English is incorrect (or, worse, unprofessional or uneducated) is a smokescreen for prejudice. Linguicism can have serious consequences by worsening existing socio-economic and racial inequalities.
Flawed argument
Pegging ax as a mark of laziness or ignorance presumes that saying aks is easier than saying ask. If this were the case, we would and we never do hear desk, flask and pesky pronounced deks, flaks and peksy.
The s and k being interchanged in aks and ask is an instance of what linguists call metathesis a process which is very common. For example, wasp used to be pronounced waps but the former has now become the go-to word. Many of the pronunciations bemoaned as wrong are in fact just examples of language changing.
Aks has origins in Old English and Germanic over a millennium ago, when it was a formal written form. In the first English Bible the Coverdale Bible, from 1535 Matthew 7 was written as Axe and it shall be given you, with royal approval.
Beyond written English, aks was also the typical pronunciation in Englands south and in the Midlands. Ask, meanwhile, was more prevalent in the north and it is the latter that became the standard pronunciation.
Contemporary prevalence
In North America, aks (or ax) was widely used in New England and the southern and middle states. In the late 19th century, however, it became stereotyped as exclusive to African American English, in which it remains prevalent. American linguist John McWhorter considers it an integral part of being a black American.
Today, aks is also found in UK varieties of English, including Multicultural London English. This dialect, spoken mainly by people from ethnic minority backgrounds, came about through contact between different dialects of English and immigrant languages, including Caribbean Creoles, such as Jamaican Creole.
Multicultural London English was initially referred to in the media in a derogatory fashion as Jafaican. That label wrongly reduced the dialect to something imitated or used inauthentically..........
https://theconversation.com/ask-or-aks-how-linguistic-prejudice-perpetuates-inequality-175839
brush
(58,042 posts)Hugh_Lebowski
(33,643 posts)2naSalit
(93,529 posts)I was punished for not speaking and writing in a specific version of English and was told that anyone who could not pronounce words properly had inferior education. It also went with a host of other alleged tells indicating people to be avoided.
As I got older and traveled quite a bit I realized that there was a whole country of English speakers who had numerous varieties that were more regional than anything else. In college I really got into dialects, because I knew so many and my advisor was excited to meet a code switcher, I was able to go pretty far with it for an undergrad. Language and food, staples of cultural identification and camaraderie.
2naSalit
(93,529 posts)Goonch
(3,829 posts)TygrBright
(20,987 posts)I frequently variant-pronounce common words according to idiomatic usage even though I'm perfectly capable of sticking to "standard" English.
I would like us to get past the assumption that people don't use standard pronunciations because they 'can't' due to ignorance or poor education, etc.
English is colorful, plastic, and creative. I love every millimeter I can squooze out of it, myself.
Sure, there's a place for standard English in various institutional communications, but other than that, "lighten up, Francis..."
amusedly,
Bright
XanaDUer2
(14,628 posts)2naSalit
(93,529 posts)I can guarantee it!
I ran into a woman from CT today when I stopped for coffee and I outed her instantly. We have both lived away from New England for decades but there are little bits of that accent that is like tattletale grey. We joked about it for a minute as others looked on, it was fun.
3catwoman3
(25,691 posts)...when describing large things. He also pronounces across as "acrosst." I never say anything, but the find the latter mispronunciation really annoying. He's starting to slip into the common sloppiness of saying "I" when he should be using "me." That really bugs me and I will probably have to speak up some day. He has no trouble commenting on my many faults and flaws, so commentary can go both ways.
His dad had an "earl boiner" in the basement - oil burner.
I freely confess to being a proper usage, spelling, pronunciation and grammar nerd.
I consider "aks" a regionalism. I do NOT consider it an alternative pronunciation of ask.
2naSalit
(93,529 posts)To being a nerd too.
And I can't argue with you on aks being a regionalism. I don't know why they say it like that but who am I to judge?
zuul
(14,674 posts)pronounce it as aks. The ones I know personally who mispronounce it are highly educated professionals. They dont even realize theyre doing it.
What I find really odd is that my boss pronounces it as aks while both of his adult sons, who also work for us, pronounce it correctly (ask.)
My boss has a very strong Yat accent, but the sons do not. I asked the sons why they dont speak Yat and both said they werent even conscious of their dads accent. Weird.
3catwoman3
(25,691 posts)???
Goonch
(3,829 posts)that are "strongest" or most especially reminiscent of a working-class New York City accent
zuul
(14,674 posts)Most movies and tv shows set in New Orleans give native New Orleanian characters a soft southern drawl whereas the real accent is very harsh. And there are a lot of New-Orleans-specific slang words that are used here and considered as part of the Yat language.
It is believed that the term Yat was derived from the phrase Where ya at which is generally accepted as a greeting like How are you?
intheflow
(29,056 posts)'aks' and 'liberry.' It used to bug me, but one day I read something that was like, "Do you understand what's being said? Because that's what language is supposed to convey: understanding." After that, I don't care how anyone pronounces anything, as long as I can understand what they're saying. I still mess up but I'm working on it!
Put another way, I'm trying to shift focus onto whoever is speaking to me, to understand what they are saying rather than making it all about my discomfort with the way others express themselves.
Edited to add: the dialect is more pronounced in the Black population here, but the local white kids often speak it, too.
Glorfindel
(9,958 posts)when I pronounce the "h" in "wh" words such as "which," "white," "when," and "what," but put the "h" before the "w" and say, "hwich," "hwite," "hwen," "hwat," and the like. English is a wonderful, changing language. I really enjoy speaking and reading it.
3catwoman3
(25,691 posts)Little kids commonly say "psiketti" instead of spaghetti. I know of no adults who say pisketti. I do not think this is at all the same.
Nor do I think the example of the different pronunciations of economics is valid. Both of those pronunciations use the same spelling.
Ask does not spell axe.
Anon-C
(3,440 posts)...really.
LastDemocratInSC
(3,864 posts)IbogaProject
(3,799 posts)I grew up with kids who used the Cingular form of cents, so it was 18 cent instead of 18 cents. Not every kid said that but it was common enough that it stopped seeming weird to me. I've since read an academic paper that delved into how that and other differences in their speech was rooted in their historical languages.
Here is a different paper that covers some of this and how being a stickler for spelling and grammar originated in the 19th century. https://daily.jstor.org/black-english-matters/